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Art

Starting points for research in art

Overview

Citations allow you to document where the information you've used in your research came from and to give other scholars proper credit for their work. If the information in your paper is not your original idea, and it is not common knowledge, you need to cite it. As you work on your research paper, keep track of all the sources you use. Our Citation Help Guide will help you determine when and why to cite.

Art and other disciplines in the humanities usually use the Chicago Manual of Style to cite the works referenced. This style manual requires footnotes/endnotes and a bibliography. It can be difficult to cite sources correctly so when in doubt Ask a Librarian!

Citing Common Sources in Chicago Style

Endnotes/Footnotes and Bibliographic entries usually contain the same information, but are formatted differently. Here are some examples of common sources and information on how and what to cite. For more detailed information please see the Chicago Manual of Style's Quick Guide.


BOOKS (physical)

Note

1. Author's first name last name, Book title (Publication location: Publisher, Year published), pages cited.

Shortened Note

2. Author last name, Book title, pages cited.

Bibliography Entry

Author last name, author first name. Book Title. Publication location: Publisher, Year published.

Examples

Note

1. Michael Baxandall, The Limewood Sculptors of Renaissance Germany (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1980), 15-23.

Shortened Note

2. Baxandall, The Limewood Sculptors of Renaissance Germany, 15-23.

Bibliography Entry

Baxandall, Michael. The Limewood Sculptors of Renaissance Germany. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1980.


BOOKS (electronic)

For books consulted in electronic format format the citation as if it were a physical book, but also include a URL, name of the database or format at the end followed by a period. For other types of e-books, name the format.

Note

3. Author's first name last name, Book title (Publication location: Publisher, Year published), pages cited, URL/database/format.

Shortened Note

4. Author last name, Book title, pages cited.

Bibliography

Author last name, author first name. Book Title. Publication location: Publisher, Year published. URL/database/format.

Examples

Note

3. James Elkins, Is Art History Global? (Florence: Taylor & Francis Group, 2006), 17-19, ProQuest Ebook Central.

Shortened Note

4. Elkins, Is Art History Global?, 17-19.

Bibliography Entry

Elkins, James. Is Art History Global?. Florence: Taylor & Francis Group, 2006. ProQuest Ebook Central.


CHAPTER IN EDITED BOOK

Note

5. Author's first name last name, "Chapter title," in Book title, ed. Editor's name (Publication location: Publisher, publication date), pages cited, URL/database/format (if online source).

Shortened Note

6. Author last name, "Chapter title," pages cited.

Bibliography Entry

Author last name, author first name. "Chapter title." In Book title, edited by Editor's name, chapter pages. Publication location: Publisher, publication date, URL/database/format (if online source).

Examples

Note

5. Stuart Hall, “Cultural Identity and Diaspora” in Identity: Community, Culture, Difference. ed. J. Rutherford (London: Lawrence & Wishart, 1990), 222-223.

Shortened Note

6. Hall, "Cultural Identity and Diaspora," 228.

Bibliography

Hall, Stuart. “Cultural Identity and Diaspora.” In Identity: Community, Culture, Difference, edited by J. Rutherford, 222-237. London: Lawrence & Wishart, 1990.

JOURNAL ARTICLES (online)

Note

1. Author first name last name, "Article title," Journal title volume #, issue # (publication date): page cited.

Shortened Note 

2.3. Author last name, "Article title," cited.

Bibliography

Author last name, first name. "Article title." Journal title volume #, issue # (publication date): article pages, URL/DOI.

Examples

Note

1. Giancarlo Fiorenza, "Dosso Dossi, Garofalo, and the Costabili Polyptych: Imaging Spiritual Authority," The Art Bulletin 82, no. 2 (2000): 258.

Shortened Note 

2. Fiorenza, "Dosso Dossi, Garofalo, and the Costabili Polyptych: Imaging Spiritual Authority," 258.

Bibliography

Fiorenza, Giancarlo. "Dosso Dossi, Garofalo, and the Costabili Polyptych: Imaging Spiritual Authority." The Art Bulletin 82, no. 2 (2000): 252-279, https://doi-org.proxy.library.reed.edu/10.2307/3051376.


JOURNAL ARTICLES (physical journal)

Note

3. Author first name last name, "Article title," Journal title volume #, issue # (publication date): page cited.

Shortened Note

4. Author last name, "Article title," page cited.

Bibliography

Author last name, first name. "Article title." Journal title volume #, issue # (publication date): article pages.

Examples

Note

3. Giancarlo Fiorenza, "Dosso Dossi, Garofalo, and the Costabili Polyptych: Imaging Spiritual Authority," The Art Bulletin 82, no. 2 (2000): 258.

Shortened Note

4. Fiorenza, "Dosso Dossi, Garofalo, and the Costabili Polyptych: Imaging Spiritual Authority," 258.

Bibliography

Fiorenza, Giancarlo. "Dosso Dossi, Garofalo, and the Costabili Polyptych: Imaging Spiritual Authority." The Art Bulletin 82, no. 2 (2000): 252-279.

NEWS/MAGAZINE ARTICLE

Note

Author first name last name, "Article title," Publication title, Publication date, pages cited. 

Shortened Note

Author last name, "Article title," pages cited. 

Bibliography Entry

Author last name, first name. "Article title." Publication title, Publication date. URL (if online).

Examples

Note

Jason Farago, "At the Louvre, Beyoncé and Jay-Z are both Outsiders and Heirs, " New York Times, Jun 18, 2018, Late Edition (East Coast), C1. 

Shortened Note

Farago, "At the Louvre, Beyoncé and Jay-Z are both Outsiders and Heirs," C1.

Bibliography Entry

Farago, Jason. "At the Louvre, Beyoncé and Jay-Z are both Outsiders and Heirs." New York Times, Jun 18, 2018, Late Edition (East Coast). https://www-proquest-com.proxy.library.reed.edu/newspapers/at-louvre-beyoncé-jay-z-are-both-outsiders-heirs/docview/2056317418/se-2?accountid=13475.

WEBPAGE

Include as much as can be determined. If no publication or modification date can be determined use the date the website was accessed.

Note

1. "Webpage title,"  Website title, site owner/sponsor, publication/access date, URL.

Shortened Note

2. Author (if known), "Website title."

Bibliography Entry

Site owner/sponsor. "Webpage title." Website title. publication/access date. URL.

Examples

Note

1. "Micronesia, 1600–1800 A.D.” Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History, The Metropolitan Museum of Art, last modified October 2003, http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/ht/?period=09&region=oci.

Shortened Note

2. "Micronesia, 1600–1800 A.D." 

Bibliography Entry

The Metropolitan Museum of Art. "Micronesia, 1600–1800 A.D." Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. Updated October 2003. http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/ht/?period=09&region=oci.

Micronesia, 1600–1800 A.D.” In Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2000–. http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/ht/?period=09&region=oci (October 2003) 


ONLINE VIDEO (YouTube, etc.)

Note

3. Content creator, "Video title," Contributors/corporation/publisher, format, duration, date of release, URL.

Shortened Note

4. Content creator, "Video title."

Bibliography Entry

Content creator (last name, first name). "Video title." Contributors/corporation/publisher. Format. duration, date of release. URL.

Examples

Note

3. Art21, "Zanele Muholi: Mobile Studios | Art21 "Extended Play"," YouTube video, 3:52, May 29, 2019, https://youtu.be/E5MMcjZ6nsQ.

Shortened Note

4. Art21, "Zanele Muholi: Mobile Studios | Art21 "Extended Play."

Bibliography Entry

Art21. "Zanele Muholi: Mobile Studios | Art21 "Extended Play"." YouTube video. 3:52. May 29, 2019. https://youtu.be/E5MMcjZ6nsQ.

Citation Management

Citation management software allows users to create their own database of references gathered from bibliographic databases, web sites, or other sources.

Annotated Bibliographies

Some courses at Reed require an annotated bibliography. An annotated bibliography is a list of citations, each of which is followed by a brief description and evaluation that explains the relevancy, accuracy and usefulness of the source.  The Carleton College library website includes a helpful guide to annotated bibliographies

Citing Images

Visit the page on Citing Images in the Finding and Using Visual Resources guide for detailed recommendations regarding citations for images and works of art.

Instructions on exporting image citations from ARTstor.